Saturday, April 20, 2013

Personalized Nutrition and Exercise Plan


1.     Final Project: Personalized Nutrition and Exercise Plan

·         Due Date: Day 7 [Individual] forum
·         Describe briefly a current health problem or nutritional need that you are experiencing, or a health or nutrition problem you can foresee experiencing because of your family history.

·         Develop a realistic nutrition and exercise plan to summarize in a 1,400- to 1,750-word paper. Use insights from the MyPyramid Plan Web exercise, the Recommended Dietary Allowances, Recommended Dietary Intakes for your age group and gender, and information from readings. The plan must be plausible enough to be initiated within the next 30 days and continued throughout your life.

·         Include the following:

    • Identification of the health and nutrition problem that may be targeted
    • Four nutritional or physical exercise goals
    • Actions taken to meet each goal
    • Anticipated setbacks or difficulties and approaches for overcoming them
    • Outcomes by which to measure success
    • Evidence of the plan’s effectiveness in addressing the identified problem or need
    • Evaluation of potential health risks that may develop if the plan is not implemented

·         Address how your plan may be adjusted to fit your changing nutritional needs as a result of age, pregnancy (if applicable), or changes in physical capabilities.

·         Include information on physical activities, and how they may be altered to accommodate different seasons of the year and changes in age.

·         Format your paper according to APA standards.

·         Post your paper as an attachment(244).

            There are three health problems that I am experiencing or may experience in the future that I need to address and create a nutrition and exercise plan that will help me maintain or avoid these conditions.  These are: obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.   All of these run in my family and I feel they are each linked together and each one affects the other two and I can not write a paper on one without addressing the other two. 
            The first one, obesity, is something I am experiencing now and have been trying to address with my current diet and exercise changes.  I have made several changes to my diet in recent months.  I have modified normal breakfasts from the work cafeteria by simply not getting them.  I bring my breakfast from home which is usually cereal or yogurt with fruit.  I also have incorporated special k granola bars or hard boiled eggs for snacks instead of chips or chocolate.  I chose yogurt and hard boiled eggs for their iodine content to ensure my thyroid is working properly and is not the reason for my weight.
 For dinner I usually keep baby spinach leaves, broccoli and carrots in my refrigerator.  I find by keeping these items on hand I am more likely use them by finding a way to incorporate them into a dinner in order to add more nutrition into mine and my family’s diet.  Even if only for the simplest reason of, to use it before it goes bad.  I add these extras to almost every dish I cook for dinner.  I find it is an easy way to give everyone a few more vegetable nutrients and the vegetables are masked in a way to make it acceptable for my kids. 
Then other change I have made to my diet recently is to add more vegetable nutrients into my diet by way of the amazing grass powder.  I drink one scoop of the amazing grass powder every morning with or before breakfast.  Their website claims each scoop is the nutritional equivalent to seven servings of vegetables and fruits.  Since beginning this there have been a few beneficial side effects, such as my insomnia is gone, I am more rested during the day.  My knees do not hurt as I walk up and down the stairs.  I also now take a women’s one a day tablet along with my fish oil vitamin. 
The exercise program I plan to add into my daily routine is a walk after dinner with my kids which I have already started in order to achieve my thousand daily steps, and I am buying a treadmill for my workout.  Walking is an easy routine for me and with limited time and space to walk or run long distances outside, a treadmill inside will allow me the freedom to walk or jog whenever is convenient for me and can easily be done after the kids go to bed or before the wake up with minimal embarrassment for me.  This is essential for my continued success at using the treadmill daily.  It does not have to interrupt any of my normal routines around the house and will take minimal effort at the start to make success within my grasp.
My second health issue is diabetes.  This disease runs very heavily in my family and I am currently starting to show signs that I should be tested in the near future. For a while I was getting shaky, lightheaded and felt like I was close to passing out.  The only fix was food.  Once I ate, I began to feel better.  It was only happening at lunch time and not every day.  Sometimes weeks would go by and I would not get the shakes.  For this reason it took me a while to pin point what was the cause, why some days and not others.   I narrowed it down to if the first thing I ate was any type of sugar and nothing else by lunch I would get shaky.  I stopped drinking soda and sugar laced coffee first thing in the morning and started drinking milk or juice.  After getting the amazing grass powder that became the first thing I ate or drank in the morning.  As long as I continue with this one rule about sugar, I have no issues throughout the day.  I have done a lot of research online since I am uninsured as to what the cause might be of this behavior and am almost convinced it is a form of diabetes, probably diet controlled diabetes.  I can still drink or eat as much sugar as I want to during the day with no shakes as long as the first thing I eat or drink is not sugar laced. 
This complication was the major reason for my purchase of the amazing grass powder.  This allows me a healthy alternative to drink in the morning and I do not have to worry about my vegetable intake for the rest of the day.  I still plan on getting tested to ensure what type of diabetes I have.  I am taking these warnings seriously since I know what diabetes can do if not properly handled.  I have a grandmother who died of this disease and she had many diabetes related health issues all her life.  Until I can get the testing done, this is my diet changes I have implemented in order to control the disease in myself. 
My third health issue which is just as linked and related to the other two and very prominent in my family history as well, is heart disease.  My grandfather died from his second heart attack in 1972.  My uncle has had a few minor heart attacks over the years, as well as my mother had a very mild attack a few years back.  Heart disease is known to be linked to obesity and diabetes and I am hoping in controlling the first two I will lessen my risk to develop any kind of heart disease later in life. 
I have run into a few complications that has thrown my diet eschew.  First is that we moved, and in moving we have all of our stuff locked into a storage unit while we stay with my stepfather-in-law while we look for our own place.  This adds to the risk of not being capable using my amazing grass powder every day as we adjust to living with someone else.  We spend two weeks on the road visiting relatives on the way south and this also made it hard to keep up using the powder and take our vitamins every day.  Our entire daily routines was thrown out of wack with the trip and move since we no longer had a refrigerator of our own and are not cooking our own meals.  This makes it hard to incorporate all of my vegetable techniques I was using to add more nutrients into our dinners. 
I have managed to maintain our daily after dinner walks, the only change there has been the addition of several members of this household in our nightly walks.  My continually success will be in the reduction of my overall weight and absence of the shakes I feel when not sticking to my rule of no sugar in the morning.  I also realize if I can not keep to these restrictions I could continue to gain weight and put more stress on my heart which can cause heart disease, or lose control of my potential diabetes and upgrade from diet controlled diabetes to insulin controlled diabetes.  This is not an alternative I would like since I do not like needles of any kind.  I do not want to be insulin controlled since that would limit me in many other ways and not be helpful with losing weight.  Many insulin dependent individuals only gain weight while taking insulin and as I am already one hundred pounds overweight this is not an option I would undertake willingly.  Adding weight will only increase my likelihood in developing heart disease and since my disease appears to be quite easily managed with diet control this should not be an issue if I keep to my current restrictions. 
It may also be that once I manage to lose the weight, I may lose my need to control my diet since it may be my overweight status that is causing my diabetes-like symptoms.  Only time will really tell how that will turn out but I am sure I can keep to the new diet and exercise plan I will implement.  Mostly in place besides the treadmill I plan on buying in the near future. 


Reflections on Nutrition


1.     Capstone CheckPoint: Reflections on Nutrition

·         Due Date: Day 4 [Individual] forum
·         Reflect on what you have learned about the science of nutrition, using the assignments you have completed up to this point as reference.
·         Write a 200- to 300-word response addressing the following questions:

o    What assignment did you enjoy the most? Why?
o    Are there any assignments that you have completed that have affected your life in terms of overall health and nutrition habits? If so, which assignment?
o    How has it affected you?


            I have thoroughly enjoyed every assignment in this course and have learned many things I did not already know.  I took this course in an attempt to learn more about nutrition because I have been becoming increasingly aware of my nutritional needs as I age and gain weight.  I learned several of my weaknesses as I examined my daily intake and exercise levels.  I have made several improvements in my nutrition intake over the past several months and now I know some additional ways to alter my intake to better match my nutritional needs. 
            The one assignment that affected my life and me the most, it would have to be the examination of the multi vitamin we did a few weeks back.  I examined not only a common multivitamin but also the amazing grass formula I have already incorporated into my diet in an attempt to better balance my nutritional intake.  I had assumed that with the addition of the powder I did not need a multivitamin.  After examining the nutritional details of the multivitamin and my amazing grass powder I learned that the powder does not cover all my nutritional needs.  I have since bought the whole family multi vitamins and we are now all taking them daily.  

Healthy Eating Plan Comparison


1.     Assignment: Healthy Eating Plan Comparison

·         Resources: Food Diary, Healthy Eating Plan, and http://www.mypyramidtracker.gov
·         Due Date: Day 7 [Individual] forum
·         Complete the Food Diary CheckPoint a second time.
·         Compare your recent responses to the activity questions with the responses you provided in Week One.
·         Write a 1,050- to 1,750-word paper, outlining how your nutritional habits have changed, if at all, since the first week of this class.
·         Use your findings from the comparison and the Healthy Eating Plan paper as reference tools.  
·         Address the following questions:

o    What changes do you see in your diet? If nothing has changed, explain why.
o    What are you more aware of now when making food choices?

·         Format your paper according to APA standards.
·         Post your paper as an attachment135.


           My diet is still lower than the recommendations I received on the Food Guide Pyramid if I only calculate my actual food intake.  Each day is a little different than another since I pick different dinners.  Lunches and breakfast are usually the same.  I created another chart below that shows my comparison with my three day analysis and the recommendations as I did with the previously.  This chart does not include my amazing grass powder I have incorporated into my daily food intake.  This powder formula is quoted as being the nutritional equivalent to five to seven servings of fruit and vegetables.  I have included a serving of fruit into my breakfast with my yogurt in order up my fruit intake for the day. 

Food Group
Day one
Day two
Day three
Recommendations
Milk
3.9 cup
3 cup
.3 cup
3 cup
Meat and Beans
0
2.6 oz
1.7 oz
6.5 oz
Vegetables
2.6 cup
0 cup
1.3 cup
3 cup
Fruit
1
1
1
2 cup
Grains
6.2 oz
4.9 oz
3.3 oz
8 oz
I am still finding the pyramid tracker to be an inefficient tool for my needs.  Several items could not be displayed accurately.  For example, one meal included homemade pasta salad.   The salad was made with ranch mix packet and added broccoli slaw.  Unfortunately there is no entry for this side dish.  This handicap, I believe, would show an inaccurate count of my vegetable or milk intake since what I ate had more vegetables and milk than a generic chicken flavor, which is all they offer.  With this tool, it makes it difficult to plan a healthy dinner that is not box made or incorporate homemade meals or side dish that does not come from a box.  This is a common practice for me as no box meal will feed my family totally.    
I have made many changes to my diet in recent months, some as recent as a few weeks.  I have modified my normal breakfasts in the work cafeteria by simply not getting them.  I bring my breakfast from home which is usually cereal or yogurt with fruit.  I also have incorporated special k granola bars or hard boiled eggs for snacks instead of chips or chocolate.  I chose yogurt and hard boiled eggs for their iodine content to ensure my thyroid is working properly and is not the reason for my weight.
 For dinner I usually keep baby spinach leaves, broccoli and carrots in my refrigerator.  I find by keeping these items on hand I am more likely to find a way to incorporate them into a dinner in order to add more nutrition into mine and my family’s diet.  Even if only for the simplest reason of, to use it before it goes bad. 
One other change I have made is to add more vegetable nutrients into my diet by way of the amazing grass powder.  After the assignment that included comparing some common multivitamins I decided to add a multivitamin to my diet.  I now take a women’s one a day tablet along with my fish oil vitamin. 
                       





Lifespan Nutrition Needs Presentation


1.     CheckPoint: Lifespan Nutrition Needs Presentation

·         Due Date: Day 4 [Individual] forum
·         Create a 6-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation, tracing the nutrition needs of both a man and a woman throughout the various stages of life.
·         Address the nutritional needs for the following:

o    Infants
o    Teenagers
o    Adults
o    Women during pregnancy
o    Older adults

·         Use one slide to illustrate each stage of life, detailing the needs of the man in one column and the needs of the woman in another.
·         Conclude your presentation on the last slide, and include any references in APA format.
·         Include speaker notes.
·         Post your presentation as an attachment



Three Day Activity Analysis


1.     CheckPoint: Three Day Activity Analysis

·         Due Date: Day 5 [Individual] forum
·         Use the physical activity assessment tool provided on http://www.mypyramidtracker.gov to keep track of any physical activity you do over a 3-day period.

·         Use the registration instructions in Appendix B to set up an account with the MyPyramid Tracker Web site if you have not done so already.

·         Use the Analyze Physical Activities feature on the Web site as a reference to determine how many calories you burned during the 3-day period.

·         Write a 200- to 300-word response addressing the following questions:

o    What everyday changes, if any, might you make to increase the amount of energy expended in your day-to-day activities?
o    What types and amounts of exercise would work best for you?
o    Can the activities be performed year-round? If not, can you suggest alternative activities and locations for inclement weather?149


            After using the physical activity assessment tool I was surprised to find so many normal everyday activities available to put in your activity tool.  I climb stairs at work and home every day and found that there was an activity to include this daily use of the stairs.  This to me is normal every day stuff but when assessing your physical activity it does count.  Even with all of these incidentals there are a few everyday changes I can make.  I might be able to add a walk around the block after dinner in an effort to reach the thousand steps a day.  Apart from adding a walk after dinner, there is not much room in my day for adding everyday activities.  I have struggled for many years trying to find an exercise that can easily fit in with my day and that is something I will enjoy enough to do every day.  I have tried exercise videos, walking exercises, play exercises, and I have even bought a gazelle.  None of these stuck, and none of them changed my weight. I plan on my next test to be a treadmill.  Since I enjoy walking, and it needs to be something I can do late night after the kids are in bed.  A treadmill should be easy to adapt into my normal routine and easy to use. 
            The treadmill should be something I can do year round and can be a good substitute for the activities I can not do during the winter months, such as the walk around the block after dinner.  

Dehydration



1.     Assignment: Dehydration

·         Due Date: Day 7 [Individual] forum
·         Write a 1,050- to 1,750-word paper about the effects of dehydration.
·         Include answers to the following:

o    Why is water essential to health maintenance?
o    What are the functions of water in the body?
o    What happens to the body when it does not get the water it needs?
o    Compare and contrast how different electrolytes—sodium, potassium, and chloride—function in the body. 
o    What effects might alcohol and caffeine have on hydration levels in the body?
o    What steps may people take to ensure they do not become dehydrated?

·         Format your paper according to APA standards.
·         Post your paper as an attachment.118


           
Adequate water intake is probably the single most important thing that we as humans can do to live a healthy and complete life.  Water needs electrolytes to be one hundred percent effective while it is helping maintain our bodies.  Electrolytes such as sodium, potassium and chloride help in maintaining correct water balance in our bodies.  Without these major minerals our body can not properly distribute our water intake to be of maximum efficiency.  Water is essential to health maintenance because the body is about sixty percent water.  This percentage does vary depending on the age and gender of the individual.  Dehydration, which is a depletion of body water, can cause all kinds of symptoms ranging from feeling dizzy or light-headed to more severe symptoms and even organ shut down if exposed to long term dehydration. 
            Our bodies are made up of about sixty percent weight in water.  Water can be found both inside and outside our cells.  Water found inside is called intracellular fluid, and water found outside our cells is called extracellular fluid.  Water that is found between cells is called interstitial fluid.  Water uses the process of osmosis to move in and out of our body’s cells to equalize the concentration of solutes on both sides.  The electrolytes sodium, potassium and other proteins help hold water in place inside the cells and other body compartments.  When the concentration of particles is higher in place than the other, water will move between the membranes to where the substances are higher in order to equalize the particle concentration on both sides of the cell membranes. 
            Water does two main things in our body.  First, it helps with chemical reactions such as aiding in the dissolution of water-soluble minerals and acids.  Water helps small molecules to join together and bigger molecules to break apart.  It also participates in maintaining proper levels of acidity in the body. Second, water helps regulate body temperature.  It does this by increasing or decreasing the amount of heat that escapes from the surface of the body.  It also helps regulate body temperature through the secretion of sweat onto the skin.  As the sweat evaporates, heat is lost and this cools our bodies. 
            Since water is not storage in the body we need to continuously intake our water needs in order to keep the balance of water in our body.  This makes it very hard to over hydrate our bodies since extra water is simply expelled from the body through our sweat and urea.  Our bodies regulate our water intake by making up thirsty when our water level depletes too much.  Even though this safety signal is there we can not rely on thirst mechanism only in order to tell us when we need to drink.  This sensation often lags behind our actual need of water so depending on our activity level we may be dehydrating before our bodies tell us we are.  If we are engaging in high exercising activities, such as athletes during training or competitions or while we are exercising we need to drink some water every few minutes in order to keep adequate water levels in our bodies, even if you do not feel thirsty. 
            Our bodies also regulate our water loss.  Our kidneys act as a strainer that filters out small molecules and water while blood cells and large molecules are retained.  The water is then passed out of the bodies through our urine.  A hormone called antidiuretic hormone, or ADH, is used to signal the kidneys on how much water to reabsorb or allow to pass through the kidney’s filter.  If concentration in our blood is too low the ADH will tell the kidneys to allow more water to pass through and out of the body. If the concentration is too high, the ADH will say to hold or reabsorb more water.  The amount of water that is lost is also adjusted by regulating the amount of sodium and other particles dissolved in the blood.  Alcohol and caffeine can inhibit the activity in ADH and increase water loss.  Hangovers are mostly due to dehydration due to inadequate water intake. 
            Sodium, potassium and chloride are also very important to regulating proper water levels within the body.  These electrolytes are essential for nerve conduction and muscle contraction.  Nerve impulses are made by movement of sodium and potassium ions across cell membranes.  Sodium is mainly operates outside the cells and potassium inside cells.  Because of this we do not need as much potassium as sodium but both are essential for healthy living.  Proper electrolyte levels are important to keep regulated. When salt content is low we feel thirsty or might crave salty snacks.  This is a physiological response and not a needed response.  By feeling thirsty or craving salty snacks we might ingest more than we need.  However, ingestion is not the regulator of water nor our salt content.  Again the kidneys regulate our sodium content in the blood, along with chloride and potassium balances.  The kidneys excrete these electrolytes in our urine when our levels are high and decrease the amount when levels are low.  Even though our kidneys have this build in regulator it is still possible to consume too much or too little sodium or potassium. 
            Sodium helps with the regulation of blood pressure through osmosis and the kidneys ability to conserve sodium.  If blood pressure is too low the body releases an enzyme called renin and aldosterone that affect the amount of sodium and water that is retained by the kidneys.  If the blood pressure is too high the body inhibits the enzymes from being released in order that the kidneys will excrete more sodium and water.  Electrolyte deficiency can cause an electrolyte imbalance, disturbances in acid-base balance, poor appetite, muscle cramps, confusion, apathy, constipation and irregular heartbeat.
            The other side of that is you can run into health issues if you have too much sodium or potassium in your system.  Too much potassium can lead to vomiting, irregular heartbeat and even death.  Too much salt can increase blood pressure and lead to hypertension.  In healthy adults the kidneys regulate sodium and potassium levels in the blood and usually these issues will not be a problem.  However individuals that are on diuretic medications or on treatment for hypertension could be at risk.  These individuals are usually prescribed supplements to ensure proper ingestion of these electrolytes.  Individuals who have been sick with vomiting, diarrhea or fever should consume plenty of water and electrolyte added water such as Gatorade to ensure their illness does not cause an electrolyte imbalance or dehydration. 
            All in all, I think that water consumption is the most important thing we can do for our bodies.  Whether we drink it, or consume it while eating fruits or vegetables.  So, make sure to drink your weight in water and your body will do the rest.  


Multivitamin Review


1.     CheckPoint: Multivitamin Review

·         Due Date: Day 4 [Individual] forum
·         Examine the label of a jar of multivitamins—either one that you currently take or one that is sold in a store. Using Tables 8.2 and 8.3 in Ch. 8 (pp. 239–240, 262), and Tables 9.1 and 9.6 in Ch. 9 (pp. 288, 307–308), determine if the multivitamin would meet the recommended daily intake for adults for vitamins and minerals.

·         Relate the vitamin and mineral amounts in the multivitamin to your diet.

·         Address the following questions:

o    What are some of the benefits you stand to receive by taking it every day?
o    Does taking a multivitamin every day raise your intake of a particular vitamin or mineral to near-toxic levels?
o    What are the consequences of toxicity?

·         Post a 200- to 300-word response discussing your findings


                I compared the amazing grass powder I already included into my diet and the one a day women’s multivitamin. I have never been able to adjust to a taking a pill everyday so found another alternative in the grass powder.  I already experience many good benefits after including it in my diet.  I no longer suffer from insomnia, I sleep better at night, my knees do not hurt going up and down the stairs, I am more awake during the day, I can concentrate better on work or school, I do not get as hungry, or crave salts or sweets as often.  Putting the nutritional data of both the powder and the one a day women’s multivitamin side by side, I was amazed that the multivitamin had more vitamins and minerals in the data sheet than the powder did and also more of the ones they did have.  None of the available vitamins or minerals in the multivitamin went over the UL limits.  Also, only six of the seventeen vitamins and minerals in the available list were under the recommended daily intake.  In the powder eleven of the thirteen listed were under the recommended daily intake. 
            I can only imagine if I feel this good and still not be getting my entire recommended daily intake, how well I will feel if I add a multivitamin to my daily regime.  After this assignment I will definitely be looking into adding a multivitamin to my daily regime.
           


Vitamin      
Recommended Intake for Adults
My intake
One a day Women’s
Thiamin (Vitamin b1, thiamin monoitrate)
1.1-1.2 mg/day

1.5mg

Riboflavin (vitamin b2)
1.1-1.3 mg/day
3 mg + .37 mg
1.7mg
Niacin (nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, vitamin b2)
14-16 mg NE/day
.4 mg + .5 mg


10mg
Biotin
30 mcg/day

30mcg
Pantothenic acid (calcium pantothenate)
5 mg/day

5mg
Vitamin b6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, pyridoxamine)
1.3 -1.7 mg/day
.05mg +.06mg
2mg
Folate (folic acid, folacin, pteroyglutamic acid)
400 mcg DFE/day
20mcg + 52mcg
100mcg
Vitamin b12 (cobalamin, cyanocobalamin)
2.4 mcg/day
1.2mg
+1.4mg

6mcg
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid, ascorbate)
75-90 mg/day
25mg +28mg
60mg
Choline
425-550 mg/day


Sodium
1500 mg/day
78mg + 8mg

Potassium
4700 mg/day
107mg + 131mg

Chloride
2300 mg/day


Calcium
1000-1200 mg/day
25mg + 30 mg
450mg
Phosphorus
700 mg/day


Magnesium
310-420 mg/day

50mg
Sulfur
None specified


Iron
8-18 mg/day
2mg +2mg
18mg
Copper
900 mcg/day

2mg
Zinc
8-11 mg/day

15mg
Selenium
55 mcg/day
3mcg + 4mcg
20mcg
Iodine
150 mcg/day
7mcg + 9mcg

Chromium
25-35 mcg/day

120mcg
Fluoride
3-4 mg/day


Manganese
1.8-2.4 mg.day
.197mg + .24mg
2mg
Molybdenum
45 mcg/day